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The American Bison (Bison bison) is the largest land
animal currently living in the Americas. Enormous herds of bison once
occupied the American Great Plains, and were critically important to
Native American Plains tribes as sources of meat, hides, horn, bone and
sinew.
American Bison were hunted close to extinction by white settlers and the
American military during the western migration, but they were given
protected status and the population rebounded in the second half of the
20th century. There are now substantial populations living in the
United States and Canada; all the wild-ranging herds are found in
state, provincial and national parks. In addition, there are several
herds owned by private ranchers.
Bison are herbivores, and their
diet is almost entirely grass, though they will eat low-lying shrubs,
and when winter snows are deep enough to prevent them from grazing they
can subsist temporarily on the twigs and branches of bushes and
shrubs. They travel in large herds, with the exception of non-dominant
males, who tend to form smaller groups. These groups come together
during the summer mating season, and males compete for access to the
females. Though the males charge and butt one another during these
contests, serious injuries are rare. Bison do not fight to the death,
the goal being not to kill the rival, but simply to establish dominance
in order to gain access to mates.
Bison are raised domestically as meat cattle by some ranchers, and bison meat has been reintroduced to American consumers in recent
years; it is generally used to replace beef. Although not
yet common, bison meat is a high-protein, low-calorie alternative to
other red meats. Ground bison has less fat and cholesterol per serving
than ground beef, pork, lamb, chicken or turkey, and more protein than
any of these except turkey.
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Herd of bison
 Taken with a Canon 5D Mark II. Resolution: 4368x2912.
Bison
 Taken with a Canon 5D Mark II. Resolution: 3236x2157.
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